M.F. Husain passes away
NEW DELHI, June 9, 2011
M.F. Husain, one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and hailed as the "Picasso of India", died in a London hospital on Thursday after a heart attack. He was 95.
Husain, who was forced to leave India in 2006 following death threats from right-wing Hindutva groups over his depiction of Hindu deities, had been living in London and Dubai. Last year, in an unprecedented gesture, Qatar offered him citizenship which he accepted though he insisted that India would always remain his "home" regardless of where he lived physically.
Family sources were reported as saying that he would not be taken to India for burial and his last rites would be conducted in London.
The famously "barefoot" artist, who started his career by painting film hoardings in the 1940s, put Indian art on the world map with his own work routinely fetching millions of dollars in the international market. Only recently one of his paintings fetched Rs. 2.32 crore at an auction at Bonham’s in London.
Born on September 17, 1915 in Pandharpur, Maharashtra, Hussain lost his mother when he was only one and a half years old. His father remarried and moved to Indore where he went to school. In 1935, he moved to what was then Bombay and joined Sir J. J. School of Art. As a young struggling artist he painted cinema hoardings and first came to limelight in the 1940s. He then quickly made his mark as one of the pioneering spirits behind India’s fledgling avante garde movement. In 1947, he joined the Progressive Artists' Group, led by F.N .Souza.
Husain made his international debut in 1952 with a solo exhibition at Zurich and soon established a worldwide reputation becoming one of India’s highest paid painters. Owning his work became a mark of social status. In 1955, the Government honoured him with Padma Shree.
Reputed for his free creative spirit and his sense of adventure, Husain experimented with cinema making his first film "Through the Eyes of a Painter" in 1967. The film was shown at the Berlin Film Festival and won a Golden Bear. He also made two Hindi films, "Gaja Gamini" and "Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities."
Husain, easily recognisable in his trademark flowing beard and white hair, was a familiar figure in London’s art circles and remained active until his last days. Tributes poured in as news of his death spread. His death marks the end of an era in Indian art.
Maqbool Fida Husain (17 September 1915 – 9 June 2011) popularly known as MF, was a prominent Indian painter. According to Forbes magazine, he has been called the "Picasso of India".
Husain was associated with Indian modernism in the 1940s. After a long career, in 1996, when Husain was 81 years old, controversy arose over paintings originally created in the 1970s which were interpreted as anti-Hindu. After legal cases and death threats in his home country, he was on a self imposed exile from 2006. In January, 2010, he was offered the citizenship of Qatar, which he accepted. He died in London the following year.
Career
1940-1965
Husain first became well-known as an artist in the late 1940s. In 1947, he joined the Progressive Artists' Group, founded by Francis Newton Souza. This was a clique of young artists who wished to break with the nationalist traditions established by the Bengal school of art and to encourage an Indian avant-garde, engaged at an international level. In 1952, his first solo exhibition was held at Zürich and over the next few years, his work was widely seen in Europe and the U.S. In 1955, he was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri award by the Government of India.
1965-1990
In 1967, he made his first film, Through the Eyes of a Painter. It was shown at the Berlin Film Festival and won a Golden Bear.
M. F. Husain was a special invitee along with Pablo Picasso at the Sao Paulo Biennial in 1971. He has been awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1973 and was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1986.[5] He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1991.
1990-2011
Husain went on to become the highest paid painter in India. His single canvases have fetched up to $2 million at a recent Christie's auction.
He has also worked (produced & directed) on few movies, including Gaja Gamini (with his muse Madhuri Dixit who was the subject of a series of his paintings which he signed Fida). The film was intended as a tribute to Ms. Dixit herself. In this film she can be seen portraying various forms and manifestations of womanhood including the muse of Kalidasa, the Mona Lisa, a rebel, and musical euphoria. He went on to make Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities (with Tabu). His autobiography is being made into a movie tentatively titled The Making of the Painter, starring Shreyas Talpade as the young Husain.
The Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) (USA, Massachusetts) showed a solo exhibition from 4 November 2006 to 3 June 2007. It exhibited Husain’s paintings inspired by the Hindu epic, Mahabharata.
At the age of 92 Husain was to be given the prestigious Raja Ravi Varma award by the government of Kerala. The announcement led to controversy in Kerala and some cultural organisations campaigned against the granting of the award and petitioned the Kerala courts. Sabarimala spokesperson, Rahul Easwar, went to Kerala High Court and it granted an interim order to stay the granting of the award until the petition had been disposed of.
In early 2008, Husain's Battle of Ganga and Jamuna: Mahabharata 12, a large diptych, from the Hindu epic, fetched $1.6 million, setting a world record at Christie's South Asian Modern and Contemporary Art sale.
His name was included in the list of the 500 Most Influential Muslims in the World, issued by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Center in Amman, Jordan.
For the last years of his life he lived in Dubai and London, staying away from India, but expressing a strong desire to return, despite fears of arrest. He died in a Royal Brompton hospital in London at 2.30 am on Thursday, June 9, 2011 following a cardiac arrest.
Controversies
In the 1990s some of Husain's works became controversial because of their portrayal of Hindu deities in the nude or in an allegedly sexual manner. The paintings in question were created in 1970, but did not become an issue until 1996, when they were printed in Vichar Mimansa, a Hindi monthly magazine, which published them in an article headlined "M.F. Husain: A Painter or Butcher". In response, eight criminal complaints were filed against Husain. In 2004, Delhi High Court dismissed these complaints of "promoting enmity between different groups ... by painting Hindu goddesses — Durga and Sarswati, that was later compromised by Hindu's. ".
In 1998 Husain's house was attacked by Hindu groups like Bajrang Dal and art works were vandalised. The leadership of Shiv Sena endorsed the attack. Twenty-six Bajrang Dal activists were arrested by the police. Protests against Husain also led to the closure of an exhibition in London, England.
In February 2006, Husain was charged with hurting sentiments of people because of his nude portraits of Hindu gods and goddesses.
A series of cases were brought against him and a court case related to the alleged obscene depiction of Hindu goddesses in his paintings resulted in issuing a non-bailable warrant against Husain after he failed to respond to summons. There were also reportedly death threats. The artist left the country stating that "matters are so legally complicated that I have been advised not to return home"
Mother India
In the February 6, 2006 issue, India Today, a national English weekly published an advertisement titled "Art For Mission Kashmir". This advertisement contains a painting of Bharatmata (Mother India) as a nude woman posed across a map of India with the names of Indian States on various parts of her body. The exhibition was organised by Nafisa Ali of Action India (NGO) and Apparao Art Gallery.Organizations like Hindu Jagruti Samiti and Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) have protested persistently against Husain displaying the painting on the websites and even in exhibitions in north Europe. As a result, on February 7, 2006 Husain apologised and promised to withdraw the painting from an auction.The painting later appeared on Husain's official website.
Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities
Husain's film Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities[27] was pulled out of movie theatres a day after some Muslim organisations raised objections to one of the songs in it. The All-India Ulema Council complained that the Qawwali song Noor-un-Ala-Noor was blasphemous. It argued that the song contained words directly taken from the Quran. The council was supported by Muslim organisations like the Milli Council, All-India Muslim Council, Raza Academy, Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Hind and Jamat-e-Islami. Husain's son stated that the words were a phrase referring to divine beauty that were being sung by the central character played by Tabu. He said there was no intention to offend. Following the wave of protests the enraged artist pulled off his movie from the theaters. The movie was well received by the critics, however, and went on to win various awards.
Supporters and critics
The artistic community was supportive as well as critical. Krishan Khanna, one of Husain's contemporaries, stated that "It's not just Husain's but the entire artist community's lives which are at stake. Anybody and everybody can file a case against us now. Anyone can infringe upon our lives". Others who have expressed anger at the "vicious campaigns" against Husain, include filmmaker Saeed Mirza, social activist Nafisa Ali, theatre personality M. K. Raina and a host of other artistes, art critics and art gallery owners. Salil Tripathi, writing in the International Herald Tribune, notes that Hindu goddesses have regularly been portrayed in the nude by Hindu artists. Tripathi asserts that,
“It is hypocritical to place curbs on Husain's artistic freedom. What's more shameful is that a government that claims to be the secular alternative to Hindu nationalists is threatening to prosecute Husain. This does not do India proud; it adds to India's disgrace”
Other Indian artists expressed criticism. Satish Gujral went on record to ask Husain whether he will be bold enough to treat icons of Islam in the same manner. However Gujral says he deeply regrets the way Husain was treated and forced into an exile because of what he terms "the mob culture". According to a senior Hindu artist and former President, Bombay Art Society, Gopal Adivrekar,
“Nothing is bad in being creative but the artists should not go for such artwork, which may hurt the sentiments of a segment of the society”
Writing in The Pioneer, Chandan Mitra wrote,
“As long as such a law exists in the statutes, nobody can be faulted for approaching the courts against Hussain's objectionable paintings, nor can the judiciary be pilloried for ordering action against the artist for his persistent and deliberate refusal to appear before the court.”
In response to the controversy, Husain's admirers petitioned the government to grant Husain the Bharat Ratna, India's highest award. According to Shashi Tharoor, who supported the petition, it praised Husain because his "life and work are beginning to serve as an allegory for the changing modalities of the secular in modern India — and the challenges that the narrative of the nation holds for many of us. This is the opportune and crucial time to honour him for his dedication and courage to the cultural renaissance of his beloved country."
On his part Husain stated that Hindu leaders have not spoken a word against his paintings, and they should have been the first ones to have raised their voice.
Bollywood mourns MF Husain's demise
Press Trust Of India
New Delhi/Mumbai, June 09, 2011
Legendary painter MF Husain had his heart in Bollywood and many from the film industry have expressed grief over his demise on Thursday. "Very sad to hear that the great M F Husain is no more, RIP," veteran actor Dev Anand said on micro-blogging site Twitter. "The news is shocking. It is yet to sink in. Just two days back I was discussing him with a friend. He was a great filmmaker who made films which he believed in and financed it himself. He was a special person and a genuine artist," director Anurag Kashyap said.
Foraying into filmmaking with Through the Eyes of a Painter in 1967, Hussain later made Gaja Gamini with his then muse Madhuri Dixit, followed by Meenaxi: A tale of Three Cities starring Tabu.
Actor Raghubir Yadav, who also starred in Meenaxi.., said, "It is sad that an artist of such a stature is no longer among us. Working with him was a learning experience. He was peaceful by nature and a open-minded person."
"Deeply saddened by the news about Hussain saab. He was not only a great artist but an incredible human being. His passion and love for life was contagious and unparalleled. May his soul rest in peace," tweeted Kunal Kapoor, who made his acting debut with Meenaxi....
Expressing grief, actor Shabana Azmi said that Husain was a close friend and a wonderful human being. "He was a prolific painter. He is someone who is born once in 100 years. I last met him through a video-conference. He was deeply moved when we told him we will try to bring him back to India. He missed India."
In the wake of legal challenges over his depiction of Hindu deities in the nude and death threats in India, the 95-year-old Husain had been living abroad in self-imposed exile since 2006.
Lyricist Javed Akhtar termed Husain as one of the greatest artists in and outside India. "I think many people realise the importance of artists in this country because of him. His contribution to Indian art has been totally unprecedented."
"Hussain passes away. We hang our heads partly in grief and partly in shame for not being able to let him spend his last days in this country," tweeted Rahul Bose.
"Very sad to hear of the passing of M F Hussain saab. A wonderful person and a great artist. May his soul rest in peace," actor Abhishek Bachchan said.
Filmmaker Shekhar Kapur tweeted, "M F Husain who seemed ageless, painting till his last days leaves us with one of India's greatest legacy of art."
Madhur Bhandarkar said, "Sad to hear renowned legendary artist M F Husain passes away, RIP!!!"
"The legendary MF Husain has left us. Rest in peace sir," said actor Siddharth.
"RIP, M F Husain, son, lover and nemesis of India," actor Ranvir Shorey tweeted.
Filmmaker Pritish Nandy said, "Few people had that zest for living as Husain. My walls are full of his notes and drawings left in my office when I wasn’t there."
Composer Vishal Dadlani tweeted, "Apologies for the lack of understanding your home country showed you. There was nothing vulgar about Husain's work. Pity that some illiterate people who saw his stuff had dirty minds."
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